![]() ![]() These cases were selected to illustrate the usefulness of this simple test across a wide range of patient presentations.Ĭase #1: A 50-year-old male building contractor who attended care for periodic musculoskeletal problems complained of low back pain after playing golf. Case #4 involved a definite concussion in the acute stage. Case #3 illustrates probable post-concussion chronicity. Case #2 may have involved a mild concussion due to indirect transmission of mechanical trauma to the head. Applied kinesiology protocols were followed for challenge, manual muscle testing, and all reflex procedures. In the brief case summaries that follow, subluxations were identified by motion palpation and challenge. For an adult with average powers of attention, their reverse digit span should be 5 or greater. For example, if they succeed with the above series, but fail with a series of four, their reverse digit span is 3. The number of digits in the series prior to the patient's error is their reverse digit span. The examiner then speaks a series of four digits, then five, etc., increasing the number of digits spoken until the patient fails to repeat them in reverse order. For example, the examiner says, "Eight, four, seven," and the patient says, "Seven, four, eight." The digits are spoken in a monotone with equal spacing between each, not clumped together like a phone number. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 361.The examiner speaks a series of digits, asking the patient to repeat them in reverse order. Digit span in right and left hemiplegics. Weinberg, J., Diller, L., Gerstman, L., & Schulman, L. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. The Wechsler adult intelligence scale-III. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Corporation. The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (3rd ed.). The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (1st ed.). The measurement of intelligence: An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Relation of forward and backward digit repetition to neurological impairment in children with learning disabilities. Measurements of short-term memory: A historical review. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12, 29–40. Forward and backward memory span should not be combined for clinical analysis. Separate digits tests: A brief history, a literature review, and a reexamination of the factor structure of the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. The Clinical Neuropsychologist – Vascular Dementia Special Edition, 18, 83–100. From Binswanger’s disease to Leukoaraiosis: What we have learned about subcortical vascular dementia. Alterations in working memory as a function of leukoaraiosis in dementia. Capacity to maintain mental set in dementia. The impact of region-specific leukoaraiosis on working memory deficits in dementia. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. The WAIS-R as a neuropsychological instrument. Kaplan, E., Fein, D., Morris, R., & Delis, D. Washington, DC: The American Psychological Association. Bryant (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: Research, measurement, and practice: Master lectures. A process approach to neuropsychological assessment. Mechanism in thought and morals: An address delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard University, June 29, 1870, with notes and afterthoughts. Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (Ruger HA and Bussenius CE, Trans) (Original work published in 1885). Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 17, 74–83.Įbbinghaus, H. Clock drawing errors in dementia: Neuropsychological and neuroanatomic considerations. Bower, The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (vol. ![]()
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